Which cytokine is most associated with driving Th1 differentiation?

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Multiple Choice

Which cytokine is most associated with driving Th1 differentiation?

Explanation:
Interleukin-12 is the cytokine most associated with driving Th1 differentiation. It is produced by antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells and macrophages in response to intracellular pathogens. IL-12 binds to its receptor on naive CD4+ T cells and activates STAT4, upregulating the transcription factor T-bet and steering the cell toward the Th1 lineage. Th1 cells then produce IFN-γ, which further activates macrophages and promotes a cell-mediated immune response. In contrast, IL-4 pushes toward Th2 differentiation, IL-10 dampens Th1 responses, and TGF-β with other signals can promote Th17 or regulatory T cells, not Th1.

Interleukin-12 is the cytokine most associated with driving Th1 differentiation. It is produced by antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells and macrophages in response to intracellular pathogens. IL-12 binds to its receptor on naive CD4+ T cells and activates STAT4, upregulating the transcription factor T-bet and steering the cell toward the Th1 lineage. Th1 cells then produce IFN-γ, which further activates macrophages and promotes a cell-mediated immune response. In contrast, IL-4 pushes toward Th2 differentiation, IL-10 dampens Th1 responses, and TGF-β with other signals can promote Th17 or regulatory T cells, not Th1.

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