Which item is not a vitamin but is listed among cancer risk-reducing compounds?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Omega-3 fatty acids
• D. Vitamin E

Answer: (C)

Vitamins are essential micronutrients needed in small amounts for normal body functions. Omega-3 fatty acids are not vitamins; they are essential fatty acids that play roles in cell membranes and inflammatory signaling. Because chronic inflammation and related pathways can influence cancer development, omega-3s are often cited as nutrients with potential cancer risk-reducing effects. This is why they appear on a list of cancer risk-reducing compounds even though they’re not vitamins. In contrast, the other options—vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E—are vitamins that support antioxidant defense, immune function, and other physiological processes.